California pepper tree: Meet the plant behind pink peppercorns

The California Pepper tree is a unique and intriguing plant – and contrary to its common name, it’s neither native to California nor a member of the Piper nigrum (pepper) family. Read on to learn where this tree comes from and the unique and common spice it produces.

What is a California pepper tree?

The California pepper tree, also known as Schinus molle, is a South American native that has found a home in California. Often called the Peruvian Peppertree or American pepper, this tree stands out for its drooping branches and slender leaves, making it both visually captivating and a subject of culinary interest.

Is California pepper tree poisonous?

While the California pepper tree isn’t considered highly toxic, caution is advised. Its leaves and berries can provoke irritation upon skin contact or if consumed in substantial quantities. Specifically, the tree sap may cause skin discomfort, and excessive ingestion of the berries could lead to gastrointestinal issues.

Are any parts of the California pepper tree edible?

Yes, the berries harvested from the California pepper tree are principally edible. These berries, often confused with peppercorns, can be dried and crushed to form a spice known as pink pepper that enriches numerous culinary dishes. Nonetheless, consuming these in moderation is recommended to avoid potential gastrointestinal discomfort.

What do California pepper tree peppercorns taste like?

Pink peppercorns, commonly sourced from California pepper trees, are often mistaken for traditional black peppercorns but offer a unique flavor profile. These peppercorns have a milder spice level and introduce a more vibrant, fruity taste to dishes. Their flavor is a complex blend of peppery bite intertwined with a sweet undertone, akin to a berry with a spicy personality.

Unlike the stronger, more pungent flavor of black peppercorns, pink peppercorns offer a nuanced, rounded spiciness that many describe as a pleasant surprise, especially for those familiar only with black pepper.

How to use pink peppercorns from California pepper trees

The berries from the California pepper tree are usually dried or roasted to create the spice (pink pepper) we know. Due to their soft texture, it’s best to avoid using a traditional pepper mill, which could be damaged. Instead, lightly crush them using a knife or a spice grinder.

Once crushed, these peppercorns can be used in their natural state or toasted to amplify their nutty undertones. They are versatile enough to be mixed with other types of peppercorns in a blend. However, they can also stand alone in a variety of dishes.

Common uses include stir-fries, seafood, salads, and poultry dishes. For those looking to venture beyond the usual, pink peppercorns are a fascinating addition to Thai red curries. They even extend their culinary reach into unconventional dishes like spiced ice cream or chocolate, especially when paired with aromatic ingredients like rose water.

Are pink peppercorns real peppercorns?

Contrary to popular belief, the berries of the California pepper tree are not true peppercorns. They are labeled as “false peppercorns” because they originate from a different plant family than Piper nigrum, which produces authentic black pepper. Nevertheless, they are often employed as a spice substitute due to their unique flavor characteristics.

Other uses for California pepper tree berries

Beyond their culinary utility, California pepper tree berries have also found applications in medicinal and spiritual realms. Medicinally, they are known to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. Additionally, some cultural practices use the berries in religious rituals, attributing spiritual importance to the tree and fruit.

Can you grow pink pepper at home?

Before planting a California pepper tree, it’s imperative to note that it is considered invasive in certain regions, including California. Always consult local agricultural guidelines to see if it’s appropriate for your area. This tree is quick to grow and can reach a mature height of around 12 meters (40 feet), with branches spreading as wide as the tree’s height.

Planting requires well-draining soil and a location that receives direct sunlight. Poor drainage conditions can make the tree susceptible to root rot pathogens, adding to your maintenance efforts. Space is another consideration, as these trees need ample room to spread their branches. You can start from seeds or purchase a young tree with a robust trunk, the latter being the simpler approach.

Maintaining the tree involves specific care. Young trees should have their stem tips removed and be regularly pinched to aid in growth, while mature trees only require occasional pruning. It’s essential to perform this maintenance to spot any potential issues and improve the tree’s overall appearance. Finally, once your tree is established, you can harvest its berries for drying or roasting to produce your own pink peppercorns.